Bibliography H-L

Items with the "**" have not been personally checked. This means that the details given in the entry may not be entirely accurate.

From this page you may return to the main Romance Scholarship page or go directly to

• Bibliography A-G - the first half of our bibliography of academic articles and books about romance.
• Dissertation Abstracts
• Scholarship in Languages Other than English.
• Romance Resources for Academics - lists romance-related resources which may be of interest to academics.
• Writers on Romance - lists items written about the genre by romance authors but not published in academic journals or books.
• Romance in the Media - lists news items/features items about romance.

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Hassencahl, Fran, 1980. 

"Persecutors, Victims and Rescuers in Harlequin Romances." Paper presented at the combined Annual Meeting of the Midwest Popular Culture Association and the Midwest American Culture Association (Kalamazoo, MI, October 23-25, 1980). 20 pgs. ERIC document ED207086.

Hazen, Helen, 1983. 

Endles Rapture; Rape, Romance, and the Female Imagination. New York:: Scribner's. (Chapter 1 - Romance Novels)

Heinecken, Dawn, 1999. 

'Changing Ideologies in Romance Fiction', in Romantic Conventions, see below, pp. 149-72. **

Heller, Tamar, 1997. 

'Having It All: Consumption and Ideological Tension in an Innovative Romance Novel.' Genre: Forms of Discourse and Culture 30.3:243-264. [The article focuses on Free Spirit by Fern Michael]

Hermes, Joke, 1992. 

‘Sexuality in Lesbian Romance Fiction’, Feminist Review, 42: 49-66.

Hermes, Joke, 1992. 

'Entertainment or Enlightenment - Sexuality In Lesbian Romance Novels', Argument, 34.3:389-402.

Hinnant, Charles H., 2003.

"Desire and the Marketplace: A Reading of Kathleen Woodiwiss's The Flame and the Flower," in Doubled Plots: Romance and History, see above, pp. 147-164.

Hubbard, Rita C., 1983. 

'The Changing-Unchanging Heroines and Heroes of Harlequin Romances, 1950-1979. in The Hero in Transition.,ed. Ray B. Browne and Marshall W. Fishwick, (Bowling Green, OH: Popular), pp. 171-179.

Hubbard, Rita C., 1992. 

'Magic and Transformation: Relationships in Popular Romance Novels, 1950 to the 1980s', in Popular Culture: An Introductory Text, ed. Kevin Lause & Jack Nachbar (Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press), pp. 476-488. **

Huntwork, Mary M., 1990. 

"Why Girls Flock to Sweet Valley High." School Library Journal 36.3 : 137-140.

Jackson, Stevi, 1995. 

'Women and Heterosexual Love: Complicity, Resistance and Change', in Romance Revisited , ed. Jackie Stacey and Lynne Pearce (New York: New York UP), pp. 49-62.

Jarvis, Christine, 1995. 

'Romancing the Curriculum: Empowerment through Popular Culture',Convergence, 28.3: 71-7. Abstract

Jarvis, Christine, 1999. 

'Love Changes Everything: The Transformative Potential of Popular Romantic Fiction', Studies in the Education of Adults, 31.2:109-122. Abstract

Jensen, Margaret Ann, 1984. 

Love's $weet Return: The Harlequin Story (Bowling Green: Bowling Green State University Popular Press). **

Johnson-Kurek, Rosemary E., 1999. 

' "I Am Not a Bimbo": Persona, Promotion, and the Fabulous Fabio', in Romantic Conventions, see below, pp. 35-50. **

Johnson-Kurek, Rosemary E., 1999. 

'Leading Us into Temptation: The Language of Sex and the Power of Love', in Romantic Conventions, see below, pp. 113-48. **

Johnson-Woods, T., 2005. 

'From Australia With Love: A History Of Modern Australian Popular Romance Novels,' Australian Literary Studies, 22.1:119-120. [This is a book review of Juliet Flesch's book, listed elsewhere in this bibliography]

Jones, Ann Rosalind, 1986. 

‘Mills & Boon Meets Feminism’, in The Progress of Romance: The Politics of Popular Fiction, ed. Jean Radford (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul), pp. 195-218.

Juhasz, Suzanne, 1988. 

‘Texts to Grow On: Reading Women’s Romance Fiction’, Tulsa Studies in Women’s Literature, 7:2: 239-259.

Juhasz, Suzanne, 1998. 

'Lesbian Romance Fiction and the Plotting of Desire: Narrative Theory, Lesbian Identity, and Reading Practice', Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature, 17.1: 65-82.

Kaler, Anne K., 2000. 

"Dysfunctional Detectives and Romantic P. I.s: Impediments to the Happy Marriage of Mystery and Romance." Clues: A Journal of Detection, 21.1: 61-72.

Kaler, Anne K., 1999. 

'Conventions of Captivity in Romance Novels', in Romance Conventions, see below, pp. 86-99. **

Kaler, Anne K., 1999. 

' Hero, Heroine, or HERA: A New Name for an Old Problem', in Romantic Conventions, see below, pp. 187-92. **

Kapell, Matthew, and Suzanne Becker., 2005. 

'Patriarchy, the Christian Romance Novel, and the 'Ecosystem of Sex'.' Popular Culture Review 16.1:147-155.

Koski, Patricia, Holyfield, Lori, and Marcella Thompson, 1997. 

"Romance Novels as Women's Myths." Paradoxa: Studies in World Literary Genres 3.1-2: 219-232.

Kramer, Daniela & Moore, Michael, 2001. 

‘Gender Roles, Romantic Fiction and Family Therapy’, Psycoloquy 12,#24 [1]

Kramer, Daniela & Moore, Michael, 2001. 

'Family Myths in Romantic Fiction', Psychological Reports, 88.1:29-41.

Kray, Susan. 1987. 

"Deconstructive Laughter: Romance Author as Subject, The Pleasure of Writing the Text." Journal of Communication Inquiry 11.2: 26-46.

Krentz, Jayne Ann, Ed. 

Dangerous Men and Adventurous Women: Romance Writers on the Appeal of the Romance. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992).

Kundin, Susan G., 1985. 

"Romance versus Reality: A Look at YA Romantic Fiction." Top of the News 41.4: 361-368.

Larcombe, Wendy, 2005. 

Compelling Engagements : Feminism, Rape Law and Romance Fiction. (Annandale, N.S.W. : Federation Press) Description and Contents

Light, Alison. 1984. 

‘Returning to Manderley – Romance Fiction, Female Sexuality and Class’, Feminist Review, 16: 7-25.

Linke, Gabriele, 1997.

"Local Color in Contemporary Harlequin and Silhouette Romances: Popular Imagery of the American South and West." Mid-Atlantic Almanack: The Journal of the Mid-Atlantic Popular/American Culture Association 6: 14-30

Linke, Gabriele, 1997. 

"Contemporary Mass Market Romances as National and International Culture: A Comparative Study of Mills and Boon and Harlequin Romances." Paradoxa: Studies in World Literary Genres 3.1-2: 195-213.

Litton, Joyce, 1994. 

'From Seventeenth Summer to Miss Teen Sweet Valley: Female and Male Sex Roles in Teen Romances, 1942-91', in Images of the Child, ed. Harry Eiss (Bowling Green, OH: Popular), pp. 19-34.

Lutz, Deborah, 2006. 

The Dangerous Lover; Gothic Villains, Byronism, and the Nineteenth-Century Seduction Narrative.(Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press). [Includes a chapter on the contemporary historical romance, which is available in pdf format, along with the introduction and bibliographical matter here ]

Maher, Jennifer, 2001. 

'Ripping the Bodice: Eating, Reading, and Revolt', College Literature, 28.1:64-83.

Makinen, Merja, 2001. 

Feminist Popular Fiction. (New York: Palgrave). (Includes a chapter on 'The Romance')

Mangat, T.K., 1998. 

'The surgeon in popular fiction - The Mills and Boon doctor-nurse romance', Theoretical Surgery, 3.2:89-92.

Mann, Peter H., 1969. 

The Romantic Novel: A Survey of Reading Habits (London: Mills & Boon).

Mann, Peter H., 1979. 

‘Romantic Fiction and its Readers’ in Entertainment: A Cross-Cultural Examination, ed. H.D. Fischer & S. R. Melnick (New York: Hastings House), pp. 34-42. **

Mann, Peter H., 1981. 

'The Romantic Novel and its Readers', Journal of Popular Culture, 15.1: 9-18.

Mann, Peter H., 1985. 

'Romantic Fiction and Its Readership', Poetics, 14.1-2: 95-105. **

Margolies, David, 1982. 

‘Mills & Boon -- Guilt without sex’, Red Letters, 14: 5-13. **

Margolis, Harriet, 1997. 

"A Childe in Love, or Is It Just Fantasy? The Values of Women's Genres." Paradoxa: Studies in World Literary Genres 3.1-2: 121-144.

Markert, John, 1985. 

'Romance Publishing and the Production of Culture', Poetics, 14.1-2: 69-93. **

Marks, Pamela. 1999. 

'The Good Provider in Romance Novels', in Romantic Conventions, see below, pp. 10-22. **

Masteller, Jean Carwile, 1996. 

'Romancing the Reader: From Laura Jean Libbey to Harlequin Romance and Beyond', in Pioneers, Passionate Ladies, and Private Eyes: Dime Novels, Series Books, and Paperbacks, ed. Larry E. Sullivan, and Lydia Cushman Schurman (New York: Haworth Press). **

McAleer, Joseph, 1999. 

Passion's Fortune: The Story of Mills & Boon (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Contents page and excerpts

McCaffery, Kate, 1994. 

‘Palimpsest of Desire: The Re-Emergence of the American Captivity Narrative as Pulp Romance’, Journal of Popular Culture, 27.4: 43-56. **

McKnight-Trontz, Jennifer, 2002. 

The Look of Love: The Art of the Romance Novel (Princeton Architectural Press). ** [This is about the cover art of romance novels from the 1940s to the 1970s] Description, small gallery of photos and an audio report from NPR radio Search inside via Amazon - Index page and excerpts

Miles, Angela, 1988. 

‘Confessions of a Harlequin Reader: Learning Romance and the Myth of Male Mothers’, Canadian Journal of Political and Social Theory, 12, no. 1-2: 1-36. **

Mitchell, Diana, 1995. 

'If You Can't Beat'em, Join 'em: Using the Romance Series to Confront Gender Stereotypes', The ALAN Review, 22.2.[2]

Mitchell, Karen S., 1996. 

‘Ever After: Reading the Women Who Read (and Re-Write) Romances’, Theatre Topics, 6.1: 51-69. [As might be supposed from the title of the Journal, this is about drama: the author 'decided to stage a performance centered on the popular romance genre and the women who read these novels']

Modleski, Tania, 1980. 

‘The Disappearing Act: A Study of Harlequin Romances’, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 5: 435-448.

Modleski, Tania, 1982. 

Loving with a Vengeance: Mass-produced fantasies for women (New York: Routledge).

Moffitt, Mary Anne, 1986. 

"Function of Hero and Heroine in Women's Formula Fiction: A Gaining of Self through Separation, Identification, and Assimilation." . Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Communication Association (36th, Chicago, IL, May 22-26, 1986), 40 pgs. ERIC document ED274005.

Moffitt, Mary Anne, 1987. 

"Understanding the Appeal of the Romance Novel for the Adolescent Girl: A Reader-Response Approach." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Communication Association (37th, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, May 21-25, 1987), 46 pgs ERIC document ED284190.

Moffitt, Mary Anne, 1987. 

"Understanding the "Guidebooks" to Writing Romance Fiction as Reinforcement of Self through the "Formula" Model." Paper presented at the Joint Meeting of the Central States Speech Association and the Southern Speech Communication Association (St. Louis, MO, April 9-12, 1987), 25 pgs., ERIC document ED281250.

Moffitt, Mary Anne, 1993. 

"Leisure Fiction and the Audience: Meaning and Communication Strategies." Women's Studies in Communication 16.2 : 27-61. (Examination of the leisure practice called romance reading, pursued by two audiences distinguished primarily through age differences)

Montague, Holly, 1992. 

'Sweet and Pleasant Passion: Female and Male Fantasy in Ancient Romance Novels', in Pornography and Representation in Greece and Rome, ed. Amy Richlin (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 231-249. [First page and, if you scroll down the page, an abstract.]

Moody, N., 1998. 

‘Mills & Boon’s Temptations: Sex and the Single Couple in the 1990s’ in Fatal Attractions: Rescripting Romance in Contemporary Literature and Film, ed. L. Pearce & G. Wisker (London: Pluto), pp. 141-156. **

Moran, Albert, 1990. 

'"No More Virgins": Writing Romance - an Interview with Emma Darcy', Continuum: The Australian Journal of Media & Culture, 4.1.[3]

Morgan, Paula, 2003. 

“Like Bush Fire in My Arms”: Interrogating the World of Caribbean Romance, Journal of Popular Culture 36.4: 804-827.

Mulhern, Chieko Irie, 1989. 

'Japanese Harlequin Romances as Transcultural Woman's Fiction', The Journal of Asian Studies, 48.1: 50-70.

Mussell, Kay, 1984. 

Fantasy and Reconciliation: Contemporary Formulas of Women's Romance Fiction (Westport CT: Greenwood Press). **

Neal, Lynn S, 2006. 

Romancing God: Evangelical Women and Inspirational Fiction (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press). [Description of the book and newspaper interview with the author about it.]

Neuman, Susan B., 1985. 

"The Uses of Reading Mass-Produced Romance Fiction." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Reading Association (30th, New Orleans, LA, May 5-9, 1985), 23 pgs. ERIC document ED263528.

Neylon, Virginia Lyn, 2003. 

'Reading and Writing the Romance Novel: An Analysis of Romance Fiction and Its Place in the Community College Classroom', Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication (54th, New York, NY, March 19-22, 2003). 20 pgs. ERIC Document ED477339. [Available on the web in html or as a Word document from the author's webpage]

Nielsen, Inge, 2000. 

"Caught in the Web of Love: Intercepting the Young Adult Reception of Qiongyao's Romances On-Line." Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 53.3-4: 235-253.

North American Romance Writers, 1999. 

ed. Kay Mussell and Johanna Tuñón (Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press).

Nye, David, 1988. 

"The Consumption of American Popular Culture." Text & Context: A Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 2.1: 85-93. (Harlequin Romances; relationship to popular culture; film; amusement park)

Nyquist, Mary, 1993. 

'Romance in the Forbidden Zone', in ReImagining Women: Representations of Women in Culture, ed. Shirley Neuman (ed. & introd.) and Glennis Stephenson (Toronto: U of Toronto Press),pp. 160-81.

Opas, Lisa Lena, and Fiona Tweedie, 1999.

"The Magic Carpet Ride: Reader Involvement in Romantic Fiction." Literary and Linguistic Computing: Journal of the Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing 14.1: 89-101. [An abstract of a conference paper with the same title, given by the authors the previous year, can be found here]

Osborne, Laurie E., 2002. 

"Harlequin Presents: That '70s Shakespeare and Beyond." in Shakespeare after Mass Media. Ed. Richard Burt (New York: Palgrave), pp. 127-149.(influence on Harlequin Romances)

Owen, Mairead, 1997. 

'Re-inventing romance: Reading popular romantic fiction', Women's Studies International Forum, 20.4:537-46. Abstract

Paizis, George, 1987. 

'"Putting People First" or the contemporary romantic novel, critical discourse and ideology', La Chouette, no 18, March: 38-46. [La Chouette is published by the Department of French, School of Languages, Linguistics and Culture, Birkbeck College, University of London] **

Paizis, George, 1987. 

'That's Romance', Socialist Review, July: 24. **

Paizis, George, 1994-95. 

'Love, Ideology and Reality: the popular romantic novel and the reader', Journal of the Institute of Romance Studies, 3: 357-68. **

Paizis, George, 1998. 

'Category Romances - Translation, Realism and Myth', The Translator, 4: 1-24. Abstract

Paizis, George, 1998. 

Love and the Novel: The Poetics and Politics of Romantic Fiction (Palgrave Macmillan). Some details **

Parameswaran Radhika, 1999. 

'Western Romance Fiction as English-Language Media in Postcolonial India', Journal of Communication, 49.3: 84-105. Abstract PDF [4]

Parameswaran, Radhika, 2002. 

'Reading Fictions of Romance: Gender, Sexuality, and Nationalism in Postcolonial India', Journal of Communication, 52.4: 832-851. Abstract PDF[5]

Pearce, Lynne, 2004. 

"Popular Romance and Its Readers." in A Companion to Romance: From Classical to Contemporary. ed. Corinne Saunders, (Malden, MA: Blackwell, pp. 521-538.

Philips Deborah, 2000. 

'Shopping for Men: The Single Woman Narrative', Women: a Cultural Review, 11.3: 238-251. Abstract

Purdie, Susan, 1992. 

'Janice Radway, Reading the Romance', in Reading into Cultural Studies ed. Martin Barker and Anne Beezer, (London: Routledge), pp. 148-64.

Puri, Jyoti, 1997. 

‘Reading Romance Novels in Postcolonial India’, Gender & Society, 11.4: 434-452.

Rabine, Leslie W., 1985. 

‘Romance in the Age of Electronics: Harlequin Enterprises’, Feminist Studies 11.1: 39-60.

Radford, Jean, 1992. 

"A Certain Latitude: Romance as Genre." in Gender, Language, and Myth: Essays and Popular Narrative. ed. Glenwood Irons, (Toronto: U of Toronto P), pp. 3-19.

Radway, Janice, 1981. 

'The Utopian Impulse in Popular Literature: Gothic Romances and "Feminist" Protest', American Quarterly, 33.2 (Summer, 1981): 140-162. [First page available here]

Radway, Janice A., 1983. 

‘Women Read the Romance: The Interaction of Text and Context’, Feminist Studies, 9.1: 53-78. [First page available here]

Radway, Janice A., 1984. 

'Interpretive Communities And Variable Literacies: The Functions Of Romance Reading', Daedalus, 113.3:49-73.

Radway, Janice A., 1991. 

Reading the Romance: Women, Patriarchy, and Popular Literature (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press). First published in 1984. The 1991 edition contains a new introduction by the author.

Radway, Janice, 1994. 

'Romance and the Work of Fantasy: Struggles over Feminine Sexuality and Subjectivity at Century's End', in Viewing, Reading, Listening: Audiences and Cultural Reception, ed. Jon Cruz and Justin Lewis (Colorado: Westview Press), pp. 213-31. Reprinted in Feminism and Cultural Studies, ed. Morag Shiach (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), pp. 395-???. **

Ramsdell, Kristin, 1999. 

'The Literature of Romance: A Librarian's Viewpoint', originally published in Romance Writers' Report 19 (June 1999): 37-39.[6]

Rapp, Adrian, Dodgen, Lynda, and Anne K. Kaler, 2000. 

"A Romance Writer Gets Away with Murder." Clues: A Journal of Detection 21.1: 17-21.

Rasley, Alice, 1999. 

'Paradox in Balance: Some Feminist Themes in Romance', originally published in North American Romance Writers, see above.[7]

Raub, Patricia, 1992.

"Issues of Passion and Power in E. M. Hull's The Sheik." Women's Studies, 21: 119-128.

Regis, Pamela., 1997. 

'Complicating Romances and Their Readers: Barrier and Point of Ritual Death in Nora Roberts's Category Fiction.' Paradoxa: Studies in World Literary Genres 3.1-2:145-154.

Regis, Pamela, 2003. 

A Natural History of the Romance Novel (Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press).

Ricker-Wilson, Carol, 1999. 

‘Busting Textual Bodices: Gender, Reading, and the Popular Romance’, English Journal, 88:3: 57-64.

Roberts, Sherron Killingsworth, 2002. 

'Meet Jessica and Elizabeth from Sweet Valley: Who Are the Female Role Models in Popular Romance Novels for Children?', Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (New Orleans, LA, April 1-5, 2002). 21 pgs. ERIC document ED470819.

Rose, Suzanna, 1985. 

"Is Romance Dysfunctional?." International Journal of Women's Studies, 8.3: 250-265.

Romantic Conventions, 1999. 

Anne K. Kaler and Rosemary E. Johnson-Kurek, eds. (Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press).

Ruggiero, Josephine A. and Weston, Louise C., 1983. 

'Conflicting Images Of Women In Romance Novels', International Journal of Women's Studies, 6.1:18-25.

Ryder, M. E., 1999. 

'Smoke and mirrors: Event patterns in the discourse structure of a romance novel', Journal of Pragmatics, 31.8: 1067-1080. Abstract **

Sales, Roger, 1999. 

"The Loathsome Lord and the Disdainful Dame: Byron, Cartland and the Regency Romance." in Byromania: Portraits of the Artist in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Culture. ed. Frances Wilson, (Basingstoke, England; New York, NY: Macmillan; St. Martin's) pp. 166-183.

Scott, Alison M. 2002. 

'Romance in the Stacks; or, Popular Romance Fiction Imperiled', in Scorned Literature: Essays on the History and Criticism of Popular Mass-Produced Fiction in America, ed. Lydia Cushman Schurman and Deidre Johnson, Contributions to the Study of Popular Culture, 75 (Westport, CT: Greenwood),pp. 213-224.

Shapiro, Joan, & Lee Kroeger, 1991. 

‘Is Life a Romantic Novel? The Relationship Between Attitudes About Intimate Relationships and the Popular Media’, American Journal of Family Therapy, 19.3: 226-236. **

Shibamoto Smith, Janet S., 2004. 

'Language and Gender in the (Hetero)Romance: "Reading" the Ideal Hero/ine through Lovers' Dialogue in Japanese Romance Fiction', in Japanese Language, Gender, and Ideology: Cultural Models and Real People, ed. Shigeko Okamoto and Janet S. Shibamoto Smith (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 113-130. ** Review

Shibamoto-Smith, Janet S., 2005. 

‘Translating True Love: Japanese Romantic Fiction, Harlequin-Style’ in Gender, Sex and Translation: The Manipulation of Identities, ed. José Santaemilia (Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing), pp. 97-116. ** Summary

Smith, Faith, 1999. 

"Beautiful Indians, Troublesome Negroes, and Nice White Men: Caribbean Romances and the Invention of Trinidad." in Caribbean Romances: The Politics of Regional Representation. ed. Belinda Edmondson (Charlottesville, VA: UP of Virginia) pp. 163-182.

Snitow, Ann Barr, 1979. 

‘Mass Market Romance: Pornography for Women is Different’, Radical History Review 20 (Spring/Summer 1979):141-61. Republished in Powers of Desire: The Politics of Sexuality 1983., ed. Ann Snitow, Christine Stansell & Sharon Thompson (New York: Monthly Review Press), pp. 245-263. Republished in "Feminist Literary Theory: A Reader", ed. Mary Eagleton. New York: Basil Blacwell, 1986.

Spehner, Norbert, 1997. 

'L'Amour, toujours l'amour ...: The Popular Love Story and Romance: A Basic Checklist of Secondary Sources.',Paradoxa: Studies in World Literary Genres 3.1-2:253-268.

Stacey, Jackie & Lynne Pearce, 1995. 

'The Heart of the Matter: Feminists Revisit Romance', in Romance Revisited, ed. Lynne Pearce & Jackie Stacey (New York: New York University Press), pp. 11-??. **

Stotesbury, John A, 1994. 

"Language and Mindstyle in Anglophone Popular Romantic Fiction under Apartheid." Logos 14: 18-32.

Stotesbury, John A., 2004 

'Genre and Islam in Recent Anglophone Romantic Fiction', in Refracting the Canon in Contemporary British Literature and Film, ed. Christian Gutleben & Susana Onega, Postmodern Studies, 35 (Amsterdam: Rodopi), pp. 69-82. Abstract **

Sucatre, Conrad V., 2005 

Old School Romance (Vintage Romance Publishing).** [I have not been able to identify a place of publication, and clearly this is not an academic publisher. The author says that the book is about 'the romance writing industry as it existed prior to 1950. At my fingertips were the books and biographies of such authors as Faith Baldwin, Emilie Loring, Kathleen Norris, Temple Bailey, Elsa Barker and many others. I assembled all these facts into my book'.[8] ]

Swaffield, Audrey-Claire, 1981. 

"Paperbacks Promoting Passion! What Is Harlequin Really Presenting?." Canadian Woman Studies/Les Cahiers de la Femme 3.2: 4-6.

Teo, Hsu-Ming, 2004. 

'Romancing the Raj: Interracial Relations in Anglo-Indian Romance Novels', History of Intellectual Culture, 4.1.[9]

Tetel Andresen, Julie, 1999. 

'Postmodern Identity (Crisis): Confessions of a Linguistic Historiographer and Romance Writer', in Romantic Conventions, see above, pp. 173-???. **

Thomas, Audrey, 1986. 

'A Fine Romance, My Dear, This Is,' Canadian Literature, no. 108:5-12.

Thompson, Anne Booth, 2005. 

'Rereading Fifties Teen Romance: Reflections on Janet Lambert', The Lion and the Unicorn, 29.3:373-96. Abstract

Thurston,Carol M., 1985. 

‘Popular Historical Romances: Agent for Social Change? An Exploration of Methodologies’, Journal of Popular Culture, 19:1: 35-45.

Thurston, Carol, 1987. 

The Romance Revolution: Erotic Novels for Women and the Quest for a New Sexual Identity (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press).

Timson, Beth S., 1983 

‘The Drug Store Novel: Popular Romantic Fiction and the Mainstream Tradition’, Studies in Popular Culture, 6: 88-96. **

Tobin-McClain, Lee, 2000. 

"Paranormal Romance: Secrets of the Female Fantastic." Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts 11.3 [43]: 294-306.

Trachsel, Mary, 1997. 

'Horse Stories and Romance Fiction: Variants or Alternative Texts of Female Identity?', Reader: Essays in Reader-Oriented Theory, Criticism, and Pedagogy , 38-39: 20-41.

Treacher, Amal, 1988. 

‘What is life without my love: Desire and romantic fiction’, in Sweet Dreams – Sexuality, Gender and Popular Fiction, ed. Susannah Radstone (London: Lawrence & Wishart), pp. 73-90. **

Ty, Eleanor, 1994. 

'Desire and Temptation: Dialogism and the Carnivalesque in Category Romances', in A Dialogue of Voices: Approaches to Feminist Literary Theory and Bakhtin, ed. Karen Hohne and Helen Wussow (University of Minnesota Press), pp. 97-113.**

Voaden, Rosalynn, 1995. 

'The Language of Love: Medieval Erotic Vision and Modern Romance Fiction', in Romance Revisited , ed. Jackie Stacey and Lynne Pearce (New York: New York UP), pp. 78-88.

Wardrop, Stephanie, 1995. 

"The Heroine is Being Beaten: Freud, Sadomasochism, and Reading the Romance." Style 29: 459-73. Unpaginated and unofficial copy

Wardrop, Stephanie, 1997. 

'Last of the Red Hot Mohicans: Miscegenation in the Popular American Romance', MELUS, 22. 2, Popular Literature and Film: 61-74. Unpaginated and unofficial copy

Wareing, Shan, 1994. 

'And Then He Kissed Her: The Reclamation of Female Characters to Submissive Roles in Contemporary Fiction', in Feminist Linguistics in Literary Criticism, ed. Katie Wales, Essays and Studies, 47 (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer), pp. 117-36.

Weir, Angela, and Elizabeth Wilson, 1992.

"The Greyhound Bus Station in the Evolution of Lesbian Popular Culture." in New Lesbian Criticism: Literary and Cultural Readings ed. Sally Munt (New York: Columbia UP) pp. 95-113. .

Weisser, Susan Ostrov. 1994. 

'The Wonderful-Terrible Bitch Figure in Harlequin Novels', in Feminist Nightmares: Women at Odds: Feminism and the Problem of Sisterhood, ed. Susan Ostrov Weisser and Jennifer Fleischner (New York: New York University Press), pp. 269-82. **

Westman, Karin E., 2003. 

'A Story of Her Weaving: The Self-Authoring Heroines of Georgette Heyer's Regency Romance', in Doubled Plots: Romance and History, see above, pp. 165-184. **

Whissell, Cynthia, 1996. 

‘Mate Selection in Popular Women's Fiction’, Human Nature, 7: 427-447. **

Whissell, Cynthia, 1998. 

'The Formula Behind Women's Romantic Formula Fiction (Statistical survey of 50 Harlequin-Presents novels)', Arachne, 5.1:89-119. [The online text available here may only be an extract from the original as it is extremely short and has no page-numbers]

Whitsitt, Novian, 2003. 

"Islamic-Hausa Feminism Meets Northern Nigerian Romance: The Cautious Rebellion of Bilkisu Funtuwa." African Studies Review 46.1: 137-53. Unofficial, unpaginated version

Whitsitt, Novian, 2003. 

"Hausa Women Writers Confronting the Traditional Status of Women in Modern Islamic Society: Feminist Thought in Nigerian Popular Fiction." Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature 22.2: 387-408.

Williams, Clover, and Jean R. Freedman, 1995. 

"Shakespeare's Step-Sisters: Romance Novels and the Community of Women." in Folklore, Literature, and Cultural Theory: Collected Essays. ed. Cathy Lynn Preston (New York, NY: Garland) pp. 135-168.

Williams, Clover, 1998. 

"Keepers of the Flame: The Romance Novel and Its Fans." Lore and Language 16.1-2: 115-138.

Wirtén, Eva Hemmungs, 1998. 

' "They Seek It Here, They Seek It There, They Seek It Everywhere": Looking for the "Global" Book', Canadian Journal of Communication, 23.2.[10]['this article uses Harlequin's Stockholm office as a case study for a closer look at just how Harlequin romances are transposed from one cultural context into another']. According to the author's website This is an abbreviated version of a chapter from her thesis, the details of, and a link for which, are provided on the page for dissertation abstracts.

Wood, Helen, 2004. 

'What Reading the Romance Did for Us', European Journal of Cultural Studies, 7.2:147-54. [This is about the place of Radway's Reading the Romance in the history/development of cultural studies]

Wood, Julia T., 2001. 

'The normalization of violence in heterosexual romantic relationships: Women's narratives of love and violence', Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 18.2: 239-261.** There is an abstract and a press release reporting Wood's findings.

Woodruff, Juliette, 1985. 

'A spate of words, full of sound & fury, signifying nothing: or, How to read in Harlequin', Journal of Popular Culture, 19.2:25-32.

Young, Beth Rapp, 1997. 

"Accidental Authors, Random Readers, and the Art of Popular Romance." Paradoxa: Studies in World Literary Genres 3.1-2: 29-45.

Zidle, Abby, 1999. 

'From Bodice-Ripper to Baby-Sitter: The New Hero in Mass-Market Romance', in Romantic Conventions, see above, pp. 23-24. **